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Battle of Chains
The Battle of Sallasil(''Dhat al-Salasil'')〔Parvaneh Pourshariati, ''The Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire'', 192.〕 or the Battle of Chains was the first battle fought between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sassanid Persian Empire. The battle was fought in Kuwait (Kazima) soon after the Ridda Wars were over and Eastern Arabia was united under the authority of Caliph Abu Bakr. It was also the first battle of the Rashidun Caliphate in which the Muslim army sought to extend its frontiers.
==Background==
Misnah ibn Haris was a tribal chief in north Eastern Arabia, residing close to the Persian border. After the wars of apostasy, Misnah raided the Persian towns in Iraq. The raids were successful, with a considerable amount of booty being won. Misnah ibn Haris went to Madinah to inform Caliph Abu Bakr about his success, and Abu bakr appointed him as the commander of his people; after this he began deeper raids into Iraq. Using the mobility of his Light cavalry he could easily raid any town near the desert and disappear again in to the desert, leaving the Sassanid army unable to chase him. Misnah’s actions made Abu Bakr decide to invade Iraq. To make certain of victory, Abu Bakr decided on two measures: the invading army would consist entirely of volunteers, and it would be commanded by his best general, Khalid ibn Walid. After defeating the self-proclaimed prophet Musailima in the Battle of Yamama, Khalid was still in the Yamama district when Abu Bakr sent him orders to invade the Sassanid Persian Empire. Making Al-Hirah (an area in Iraq) the objective of Khalid's mission, Abu Bakr sent reinforcements and ordered the tribal chiefs of northeastern Arabia Misnah ibn Haris, Mazhur bin Adi, Harmala and Sulma to operate under the command of Khalid. In approximately the third week of March 633 AD (first week of Muharram 12th Hijrah) Khalid set out from Yamama with an army of 10,000 men. But before doing so he wrote to Hormozd, the Persian governor of the frontier district of Dast Meisan:
The tribal chiefs and their warriors (2,000 each) joined Khalid in his quest. Thus Khalid entered the Persian Empire with 18,000 troops.〔 The Persian commander informed the emperor about the threat from Arabia and concentrated an army for the battle, consisting of a large number of Christian Arab auxiliaries.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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